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Nathan Phillips Square

Toronto, ON

Nathan Phillips Square is located at the intersection of Queen Street West and Bay street. Based on overall observation, due to a high commercial density, and its immediate adjacent to Eaton Center Mall and TTC Subway Station, Nathan Phillips Square has a very dynamic atmosphere. Its prime location calls for many great opportunities.

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The plaza offers multiple entrances from different edges of the square in which connect different streets and public places. People use the square as their daily path to shortcut to their main destinations. Indeed, the square’s location, being in the heart of the city, opens the doors for a diverse range of people from different neighborhoods, cities, or countries to visit and connect.

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Figure 3.1: Context Map (Sana, Yasaman, “ Nathan Phillips Square”, September 2020)

As David Sim states, "Density x Diversity = Proximity".[1] The idea is that the fusion of density and diversity increases the likelihood or the possibility of useful things, places, and people being closer to you. According to Sim, there are at least three such benefits that can explain the attraction of a dense, diverse urban environment: physical proximity, common resources, and shared identities.[2] The plaza’s proximity to different public places in the neighborhood such as shopping malls, court, park, offices, and subway station made it very convenient for the visitors to be able to do a wide variety of things in one neighborhood, in one day or even an hour. Plaza’s all year long diverse events creates a sense of belonging among the people. Its inclusive nature arguably makes social cohesion among the communities and opens more doors for future opportunities.

From 10 am to 11 am during the morning observation period, the plaza hosted a few groups of people who mostly walked through space during their morning walk or cycling. A young couple and a middle-aged man enjoyed the coffee that they got from across the street and used the chess table area in two far separated spots (close to the edge of the street). The chess tables were used as picnic tables since they were the only tables in the plaza. According to Gibson, an American psychologist who states affordance theory, the perception of the environment inevitably leads to some courses of action. The world is perceived not only in terms of object shapes and spatial relationships but also in terms of object possibilities for action-perception drives action.[3] Some people exit from the underground parking and leave the square immediately. One young female sat in front of the reflecting pool and enjoyed the fountains’ pleasant sound for 5 minutes and left. One couple sat for about 30 minutes on one of the concrete benches in front of the pool but facing the busy street. People, during the overall observation of the square, chose the seating on the edge where it's closer to the busy street and big canopy trees. Based on the Prospect-refuge theory people seek to have the opportunity (prospect) whilst being safe (refuge).[4] Edge conditions of the plaza encourage people to observe and feel protected. Two moms with their very young children with strollers and a bike entered the square and started taking pictures with Toronto signs close to the pool. Children tended to play with water and the moms were protecting them. A group of nine people from diverse ethnicities entered from one of the main entrances and took some pictures and left after 5 minutes. Older ages individuals mostly pick the benches with the back supports facing the pool and fountain. An adult man with a stroller played with his kid and enjoyed his coffee close to the pool for about 20 minutes.    

Later in the afternoon, during the 1 pm to 2 pm observation period, the plaza became livelier, and more and more people visited. The crowd mostly were around Toronto’s new signs and food shops. During the afternoon visit, three professional photographers were taking shots mostly from the new Toronto sign that was unveiled recently. The new sign with the title of “Patterns of the People,” recognizing the United Nations’ International Decade for People of African Descent.[5] The majority of the crowd around the sign were African American ethnicities. Young females and males who found shared ethnic identity in their city's public place. There were a couple of line ups around the food shops. Mostly multiple groups of two people picked a spot in the plaza to have their lunch. Three young female and male cyclists entered the plaza and took some pictures of the new sign and left. Yonge couples were taking pictures of each other in front of the fountain and the sign. A young male was exercising in the peace garden. Overall peace garden remained very quiet compared to the rest of the plaza and this can be due to the lack of transparency and connectedness to the main gathering space.

During the 5 pm to 6 pm observation period, People seemed less rushed and they stayed longer in the plaza. The number of cyclists was more than in other periods. Toronto signs lit the whole atmosphere and drew more people for pictures to the site. Some young groups used the signs as their seats (follows the affordance theory).

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Sound

Nathan Phillips Square is an urban plaza where Torontonians gather and share memories. The Square can be considered as “the hub of the city” as such, it has functioned successfully as a gathering space. It is a place where people come together in the spirit of openness and community.

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Figure 3.2: Circulation Map (Sana, Yasaman, “ Nathan Phillips Square - Circulation”, September 2020)

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Nathan Phillips Square brings light and air into downtown Toronto. The square’s visual amenities significantly enrich the visitor’s experience and connect them to their public space. The new iconic ‘Toronto’ sign titled "Patterns of the People," recognizing the United Nations' International Decade for People of African Descent.

Two middle-aged men had a deep conversation while they were sitting on one of the benches close to the pool. Four old males in the chess section, two of them playing chess, and the other two were watching their game. As David Sim mentioned in his book, “Soft City”, Chess is not just a game for two. This outdoor activity attracts a small but faithful crowd and gives them a legitimate excuse to linger longer in the outdoors.[6]

This activity can be the best example of triangulation in the plaza. Some parts of the square remained empty during the observations. Vast, hard space, and the lack of human-scale interventions behind the signs made it uninviting. According to Jan Gehl “The human scale” principles are lost in the eyes of modernist planners. “The most important scale is the people scale. The city at eye level and 5 km/hour. This knowledge (about human scale) has been lost by planners and architects.”[7]

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Nathan Phillips Square’s public amenities enhanced the visitors comfort and accessibility.

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[1] David Sim   (Jan Gehl). “Being Neighbors” in Soft city building density for everyday life. Washington, USA: Island press,27.

[2] Ibid.

[3] David L,  "Affordance Theory (Gibson)," in Learning Theories, July 24, 2014, https://www.learning-theories.com/affordance-theory-gibson.html.

[4] E, Sugihto. “Prospect - refuge theory”. Retrieved October 07, 2020, https://medium.com/@social_archi/prospect-refuge-theory-ca5d80379e51.

[5] Rocca, R. . New 'Toronto' sign unveiled at Nathan Phillips Square. 2020, last modified September 18, https://globalnews.ca/news/7343667/new-toronto-sign-unveiled.

[6] David Sim, (Jan Gehl). “Being Neighbors” in Soft city building density for everyday life. Washington, USA: Island press,326.

[7] David L, Ryan Rocca, Phil Stubbs, The Best Quotes by Jan Gehl - city planner and urban visionary. Last modified  October 07, 2020, https://medium.com/@EnvironmentShow/the-best-quotes-by-jan-gehl-city-planner-and-urban-visionary-8860846a4aae.

© 2020 Created by Sarah Chin, Candice Kinnunen, Rebecca McLennan, & Yasaman Sana for ARCH4016 Cultural Sustainability, McEwen School of Architecture

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